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Bolander's spikerush

four-angled spikerush, square-stemmed spikerush

Habit Plants perennial, densely cespitose; rhizomes caudex-like, mostly hidden by culms and roots, short, 1.5–3 mm thick, internodes very short. Plants perennial; rhizomes 1.5–4 mm thick, longer internodes 3–8 cm, tubers absent.
Culms

subterete, 10–30 cm × 0.3–0.5 mm.

acutely quadrangular; (30)45–105 cm × (1)2–5.4 mm.

Spikes

ovoid, 3–8 × 2–3 mm;

proximal scale clasping; entire, subproximal scale with flower; floral scales 8–30, 4–5 per mm of rachilla, 2–3 × 1.5 mm;

apex entire; acute, often keeled in distal part of spike.

(15)20–76 × 3–5(6) mm;

proximal scale empty; amplexicaul; (1)2.2–5.4 mm; floral scales (28)45–135, 2–3 per mm of rachilla; (4)4.5–6.2 × 2.8–5 mm;

apex rounded to obtuse.

Flowers

perianth bristles 3–6, often unequal; from rudimentary to 50% of achene length;

anthers 0.9–1.4 mm;

stigmas 3.

perianth bristles 6–7, often markedly unequal; shorter than achene or some equaling tubercle;

anthers 2.3–2.9 mm;

stigmas 3, sometimes 2.

Achenes

slightly to greatly compressed-trigonous, rarely thickly lenticular, 0.9–1.2 × 0.65–0.8 mm.

biconvex, 1.8–3 × 1.3–2 mm; almost smooth to markedly sculptured at 10–15×; each face with 19–38 rows of almost linear, transversely elongated cells; which are sometimes isodiametric at achene base.

Distal leaf sheaths

persistent, not splitting;

apex obtuse, rarely hardened, lacking a tooth.

persistent;

apex narrowly acute to acuminate, sometimes prolonged into a blade-like portion to 8 cm.

Tubercles

flat to shallowly pyramidal; lower than wide, 0.1–0.3 × 0.4–0.65 mm.

deltoid to high-pyramidal or lanceoloid, 0.7–1.5 × 0.4–1 mm, often spongy.

Eleocharis bolanderi

Eleocharis quadrangulata

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Shallow, rocky, ephemeral streams. 1100–2100 m. BR, BW, Owy. CA, NV, ID; east to CO. Native.

Eleocharis bolanderi is easily recognized in summer when it forms masses of dry, brown, dormant and apparently dead culms in dry stream beds. It is easily pulled up to expose its cespitose habit. The virtually flat tubercles are particularly distinctive.

Shallow water of freshwater marshes, ditches, wet meadows, and lake shores. 100–200 m. WV. CA; south to Mexico; eastern North America. Exotic.

Eleocharis quadrangulata is a robust spikerush with long, pale spikes and rectangular culms.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 240
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 242
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
E. acicularis, E. bella, E. bolanderi, E. decumbens, E. engelmannii, E. erythropoda, E. macrostachya, E. obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quinqueflora, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana
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