Eleocharis acicularis |
Eleocharis quinqueflora |
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needle spikerush |
few-flowered spikerush |
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Habit | Plants perennial; rhizomes 0.25–0.5 mm thick, internodes 5–15 mm, sometimes with resting buds. | Plants perennial, rhizomatous; rhizomes 0.2–1 mm thick; resting buds often present on rhizomes or among culm bases, broadly to narrowly ovoid, 3–6(10) × 2–5 mm; caudices absent, rarely present, soft or rarely hard, 0.5 mm thick. |
Culms | sometimes arching; terete to sometimes distinctly compressed, 1–60 cm × 0.2–0.5(0.7) mm. |
subterete to slightly compressed; to 2 times wider than thick, 5–15 cm × 0.2–0.5(1.2) mm; culm tufts often proximally bulbous (if bulbous then tunicated by papery-fibrous scales). |
Spikes | 2–8 × 1–2 mm; floral scales 4–25, 4–6 per mm of rachilla, 1.5–2.5(3.5) × 1–1.5 mm; apex blunt to acute. |
with proximal internodes shorter and thicker than those in the middle of the spike, 3–8 × 1.5– 4 mm; proximal scale subtending a flower; seldom empty, 2–5 mm, 50% or more as long as spike; floral scales 3–10 per spike, 2.5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Flowers | perianth bristles mostly absent, uncommonly 2–4; shorter than to equaling achene; anthers 0.7–1.5 mm; stigmas 3. |
perianth bristles (0)3–6, often unequal; rudimentary to equaling tubercle; anthers 1.5–2.7(3.5) mm; stigmas 3. |
Achenes | with angles plus about 8–12 obscure to prominent longitudinal ridges, narrowly to broadly obovoid to obpyriform, 0.7–1.1 × 0.35–0.6 mm; fine horizontal ridges 30–60, clearly evident to crowded and obscure; spaces between trabeculae sometimes translucent. |
equilaterally trigonous to compressed-trigonous, rarely some biconvex, 1.6–2.3 × 0.7–1.3 mm. |
Distal leaf sheaths | often splitting; apex rounded (to acute). |
apex often reddish, subtruncate to acute. |
Tubercles | pyramidal to much depressed; (0.05)0.1–0.2 × 0.15– 0.25 mm. |
rarely absent, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm. |
2n | =20. |
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Eleocharis acicularis |
Eleocharis quinqueflora |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Ponds, shallow wetlands, and exposed shorelines and mudflats, vernal pools, and other, often disturbed wetlands. 0–2300 m. All ecoregions except Col. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to AK, east to Greenland and GA, south to South America; Australia, Eurasia. Native. Plants of this species frequently grow as submerged or floating mats that do not flower. These plants differ from typical E. acicularis in having terete, smooth, soft, translucent culms with conspicuous partitions between the air cavities. Such plants are difficult to identify and can be confused with Schoenoplectus subterminalis. Eleocharis acicularis is highly variable, but much of the variation is probably environmental, dependent particularly on water depth. As a result of this plasticity, recognition of any of the described varieties is likely unwarranted. Eleocharis bella is similar but annual, cespitose, only occasionally produces rhizomes and has smaller floral scales, anthers, and achenes. |
Fens, wet meadows, seeps, springs, hot springs. 500–2900 m. BR, BW, Casc, ECas, Owy, Sisk. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to AK, east to Greenland and DE, southeast to NE and NM; Eurasia. Native. See also E. suksdorfiana. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 240 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 243 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Eleocharis acicularis var. acicularis, Eleocharis acicularis var. occidentalis | Eleocharis pauciflora, Eleocharis pauciflora var. pauciflora, Eleocharis pauciflora var. suksdorfiana, Scirpus pauciflorus |
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