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gulf cockspur grass

barnyard grass

Habit Plants annual, 30–200 cm tall.
Culms

spreading to erect.

Leaves

blades to 65 cm × 5–30 mm, glabrous but occasionally sparsely hirsute.

Inflorescences

panicles, 5–25 cm; the primary branches 1.5–10 cm and bearing short inconspicuous side branches, papillose-based hairs sparse to common; to 5 mm and sometimes longer than the spikelets.

Spikelets

2.5–4 × 1.1–2.3 mm.

Glumes

lower glumes about 50% as long as the spikelets;

upper glumes about as long as the spikelets; the longer hairs of the lateral veins 0.5–0.7 mm.

Caryopses

1.3–2.2 × 1–1.8 mm; ovoid or oblong; brownish.

Lemmas

lower lemmas awnless to awned, sometimes within the same inflorescence;

lemma awns 0–50 mm; upper lemmas about as long as the spikelet, broadly ovate to elliptical; the tough portion rounded distally with an abrupt transition to the early-withering acuminate membranous tip;

tip marked off from the leathery portion by a line of tiny hairs visible at 25×.

Paleas

lower paleas about as long as the lemmas.

Anthers

0.5– 1 mm.

Echinochloa crus-pavonis

Echinochloa crus-galli

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

[This taxon does not have a floristic treatment in Flora of Oregon.]

Disturbed, often moist areas. 0–1600m. BW, Casc, Col, CR, Est, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout most of North America; warm temperate regions worldwide. Exotic.

Echinochloa crus-galli is similar to the less common E. muricata, which is distinguished by lemmas that have tough, non-withering tips, without a line of minute hairs. Echinochloa crus-galli is variable in size, color, inflorescence branching, and awn development. Herbicide-resistant forms are known to have evolved.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1 Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 394
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
E. colona, E. crus-galli, E. muricata
E. colona, E. crus-pavonis, E. muricata
Subordinate taxa
E. crus-pavonis var. crus-pavonis
Synonyms Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli, Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis
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