Centaurea solstitialis |
Centaurea montana |
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St. Barnaby's thistle, yellow starthistle |
montane starthistle, mountain bluet, mountain cornflower, perennial cornflower |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial, 1–10 dm. | Plants perennial, 2.5–8 dm. |
Stems | 1–many, branched from bases, tomentose. |
simple or sparsely branched, thinly tomentose to glabrate. |
Leaves | tomentose and scabrous to bristly, bases decurrent; basal and lower cauline blades often absent at maturity, 5–15 cm, pinnately dissected or lobed; petioles winged; upper cauline blades oblong to linear, 1–10 cm; margins entire or slightly dentate, sessile. |
thinly villous or tomentose to glabrate; basal and lower cauline blades ovate to oblong or oblanceolate, 10–30 cm; > 1 cm wide; margins entire to shallowly dentate or pinnately lobed; petioles winged; upper cauline blades ovate to oblong or lanceolate, gradually smaller, decurrent; margins entire or minutely dentate, sessile. |
Inflorescences | cyme-like clusters or heads solitary. |
few-headed corymb-like arrays. |
Involucres | ovoid, 10–15 mm. |
campanulate, 20–25 mm. |
Florets | yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 13–20 mm. |
sterile florets 25–45 mm, blue, rarely white, pink, or purple, fertile florets 20–30 mm, purple; anthers dark purple. |
Phyllaries | outer ovate; bodies green, palmately spiny; central spines stout, 10–25 mm; straw-colored; inner with smaller hyaline appendages. |
outer lanceolate to ovate, green; margins scarious with comb-like fringe; appendages not obscuring phyllary bodies, brown to black; inner occasionally without appendages. |
Fruits | dimorphic; outer 2–3 mm, dark brown, glabrous; pappi 0; inner light brown or mottled, pappi of white bristles, 2–4 mm. |
5–6 mm, brown to white with slightly appressed hairs, pappi of bristles, 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Heads | disciform, pedunculate. |
± radiate, pedunculate or sessile. |
2n | =16. |
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Centaurea solstitialis |
Centaurea montana |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, roadsides, woods, fields, pastures, streambanks. Flowering Jul–Oct. 0–2000 m. BR, BW, Col, CR, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic. Centaurea solstitialis is an aggressive weed of pastures and rangeland in western North America, often forming dense stands. This species is cumulatively toxic to horses, potentially causing a disorder known as “chewing disease.” See also C. × gerstlaueri. |
Disturbed areas, roadsides, streambanks, open woods, sagebrush steppe. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–500 m. Casc, WV. ID, WA; north to British Columbia, northeast to MT, northeastern North America; Europe. Exotic. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 215 Bridget Chipman |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 215 Bridget Chipman |
Sibling taxa | ||
Web links |
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