Centaurea solstitialis |
Centaurea diffusa |
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St. Barnaby's thistle, yellow starthistle |
diffuse knapweed, tumble knapweed |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial, 1–10 dm. | Plants annual, biennial or short-lived perennial, 2–8 dm. |
Stems | 1–many, branched from bases, tomentose. |
branched throughout, puberulent, sparsely to densely tomentose. |
Leaves | tomentose and scabrous to bristly, bases decurrent; basal and lower cauline blades often absent at maturity, 5–15 cm, pinnately dissected or lobed; petioles winged; upper cauline blades oblong to linear, 1–10 cm; margins entire or slightly dentate, sessile. |
surfaces hispidulous and sparsely to densely tomentose; gland-dotted; basal and lower cauline blades 10–15 cm, 1- or 2-pinnately divided to narrowly lobed, petiolate; upper cauline blades much reduced, 1-pinnate to entire, sessile. |
Inflorescences | cyme-like clusters or heads solitary. |
diffuse; panicle-like arrays. |
Involucres | ovoid, 10–15 mm. |
cylindric to narrowly ovoid, 10–13 mm. |
Florets | yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 13–20 mm. |
creamy white, rarely pink or purple, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 12–15 mm. |
Phyllaries | outer ovate; bodies green, palmately spiny; central spines stout, 10–25 mm; straw-colored; inner with smaller hyaline appendages. |
pale green, with a few prominent parallel veins; outer ovate to lanceolate; straw-colored; central spines 1–4 mm; inner lanceolate, lacerate or spine-tipped. |
Fruits | dimorphic; outer 2–3 mm, dark brown, glabrous; pappi 0; inner light brown or mottled, pappi of white bristles, 2–4 mm. |
2–3 mm, dark brown, glabrous; pappi absent or < 0.5 mm. |
Heads | disciform, pedunculate. |
disciform; peduncles short. |
2n | =16. |
=18. |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Centaurea diffusa |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, roadsides, woods, fields, pastures, streambanks. Flowering Jul–Oct. 0–2000 m. BR, BW, Col, CR, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic. Centaurea solstitialis is an aggressive weed of pastures and rangeland in western North America, often forming dense stands. This species is cumulatively toxic to horses, potentially causing a disorder known as “chewing disease.” See also C. × gerstlaueri. |
Disturbed areas, roadsides, gravelly or rocky sites, grasslands, woods. Flowering Jun–Aug. 0–1500 m. BW, Casc, Col, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic. Hybrids of C. diffusa and C. stoebe ssp. micranthos are known to occur within Oregon. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 215 Bridget Chipman |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 214 Bridget Chipman |
Sibling taxa | ||
Web links |
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