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St. Barnaby's thistle, yellow starthistle

diffuse knapweed, tumble knapweed

Habit Plants annual or biennial, 1–10 dm. Plants annual, biennial or short-lived perennial, 2–8 dm.
Stems

1–many, branched from bases, tomentose.

branched throughout, puberulent, sparsely to densely tomentose.

Leaves

tomentose and scabrous to bristly, bases decurrent;

basal and lower cauline blades often absent at maturity, 5–15 cm, pinnately dissected or lobed;

petioles winged; upper cauline blades oblong to linear, 1–10 cm;

margins entire or slightly dentate, sessile.

surfaces hispidulous and sparsely to densely tomentose;

gland-dotted;

basal and lower cauline blades 10–15 cm, 1- or 2-pinnately divided to narrowly lobed, petiolate; upper cauline blades much reduced, 1-pinnate to entire, sessile.

Inflorescences

cyme-like clusters or heads solitary.

diffuse; panicle-like arrays.

Involucres

ovoid, 10–15 mm.

cylindric to narrowly ovoid, 10–13 mm.

Florets

yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 13–20 mm.

creamy white, rarely pink or purple, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 12–15 mm.

Phyllaries

outer ovate;

bodies green, palmately spiny;

central spines stout, 10–25 mm; straw-colored; inner with smaller hyaline appendages.

pale green, with a few prominent parallel veins; outer ovate to lanceolate; straw-colored;

central spines 1–4 mm; inner lanceolate, lacerate or spine-tipped.

Fruits

dimorphic; outer 2–3 mm, dark brown, glabrous;

pappi 0; inner light brown or mottled, pappi of white bristles, 2–4 mm.

2–3 mm, dark brown, glabrous;

pappi absent or < 0.5 mm.

Heads

disciform, pedunculate.

disciform;

peduncles short.

2n

=16.

=18.

Centaurea solstitialis

Centaurea diffusa

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed areas, roadsides, woods, fields, pastures, streambanks. Flowering Jul–Oct. 0–2000 m. BR, BW, Col, CR, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic.

Centaurea solstitialis is an aggressive weed of pastures and rangeland in western North America, often forming dense stands. This species is cumulatively toxic to horses, potentially causing a disorder known as “chewing disease.” See also C. × gerstlaueri.

Disturbed areas, roadsides, gravelly or rocky sites, grasslands, woods. Flowering Jun–Aug. 0–1500 m. BW, Casc, Col, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic.

Hybrids of C. diffusa and C. stoebe ssp. micranthos are known to occur within Oregon.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 215
Bridget Chipman
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 214
Bridget Chipman
Sibling taxa
C. benedicta, C. calcitrapa, C. cyanus, C. diffusa, C. iberica, C. jacea, C. jacea x Centaurea nigra, C. melitensis, C. montana, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. stoebe, C. virgata
C. benedicta, C. calcitrapa, C. cyanus, C. iberica, C. jacea, C. jacea x Centaurea nigra, C. melitensis, C. montana, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. solstitialis, C. stoebe, C. virgata
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