Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea benedicta |
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Maltese starthistle, tocalote |
blessed thistle |
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Habit | Plants annual, 1–10 dm. | Plants annual, to 6 dm. |
Stems | branched above, sparsely tomentose; gland-dotted. |
usually much branched, sparsely to densely tomentose. |
Leaves | villous, thinly to densely tomentose; gland-dotted; basal and lower cauline blades oblong to oblanceolate, 2–15 cm; margins dentate, pinnately lobed or entire, petiolate to tapering at base; upper cauline blades linear to oblong, 1–5 cm, bases decurrent; margins dentate to entire. |
cauline, rarely also basal, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6–25 cm; margins shallowly to deeply pinnately lobed, dentate, armed with short weak spines; surfaces sparsely to densely tomentose, becoming glabrate; gland-dotted; petioles winged. |
Inflorescences | 1–few in corymb-like arrays or heads solitary. |
solitary heads. |
Involucres | ovoid, 8–15 mm. |
± spherical, 20–40 mm. |
Florets | yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 10–14 mm. |
yellow, sterile florets 3-lobed, not exceeding fertile florets, fertile florets 19–24 mm. |
Phyllaries | outer ovate, bases spiny-fringed; surfaces tomentose to glabrate; central spines slender, 5–10 mm, often purple; inner entire; acute or spine-tipped. |
tightly overlapping; outer ovate, green or straw-colored, with spreading spine tips; central spines 8–15 mm; inner lanceolate, purple to straw-colored; spines pinnately divided; central spines 5–15 mm, sessile. |
Fruits | 2.5–3 mm, white or light brown, finely hairy, pappi of unequal, white bristles, 1.5–3 mm. |
8–11 mm; straw-colored, with 20 prominent ribs; pappi in 2 series of awns; outer 9–10 mm; inner 2–5 mm. |
Heads | disciform. |
disciform, sessile, subtended and obscured by clusters of leaf-like bracts. |
2n | =24. |
=22. |
Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea benedicta |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, roadsides, open woods, fields, pastures. Flowering May–Jul. 0–700 m. CR, ECas, Est, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; scattered in North America; Africa, Asia, Europe. Exotic. |
Disturbed areas, roadsides, fields. Flowering Apr–Aug. 50–900 m. BW, CR, Sisk, WV. CA, WA; scattered in North America; nearly worldwide. Exotic. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 214 Bridget Chipman |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 213 Bridget Chipman |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cnicus benedictus | |
Web links |
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