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Maltese starthistle, tocalote

blessed thistle

Habit Plants annual, 1–10 dm. Plants annual, to 6 dm.
Stems

branched above, sparsely tomentose;

gland-dotted.

usually much branched, sparsely to densely tomentose.

Leaves

villous, thinly to densely tomentose;

gland-dotted;

basal and lower cauline blades oblong to oblanceolate, 2–15 cm;

margins dentate, pinnately lobed or entire, petiolate to tapering at base; upper cauline blades linear to oblong, 1–5 cm, bases decurrent;

margins dentate to entire.

cauline, rarely also basal, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6–25 cm;

margins shallowly to deeply pinnately lobed, dentate, armed with short weak spines;

surfaces sparsely to densely tomentose, becoming glabrate;

gland-dotted;

petioles winged.

Inflorescences

1–few in corymb-like arrays or heads solitary.

solitary heads.

Involucres

ovoid, 8–15 mm.

± spherical, 20–40 mm.

Florets

yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 10–14 mm.

yellow, sterile florets 3-lobed, not exceeding fertile florets, fertile florets 19–24 mm.

Phyllaries

outer ovate, bases spiny-fringed;

surfaces tomentose to glabrate;

central spines slender, 5–10 mm, often purple; inner entire; acute or spine-tipped.

tightly overlapping; outer ovate, green or straw-colored, with spreading spine tips;

central spines 8–15 mm; inner lanceolate, purple to straw-colored;

spines pinnately divided;

central spines 5–15 mm, sessile.

Fruits

2.5–3 mm, white or light brown, finely hairy, pappi of unequal, white bristles, 1.5–3 mm.

8–11 mm; straw-colored, with 20 prominent ribs;

pappi in 2 series of awns; outer 9–10 mm; inner 2–5 mm.

Heads

disciform.

disciform, sessile, subtended and obscured by clusters of leaf-like bracts.

2n

=24.

=22.

Centaurea melitensis

Centaurea benedicta

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed areas, roadsides, open woods, fields, pastures. Flowering May–Jul. 0–700 m. CR, ECas, Est, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; scattered in North America; Africa, Asia, Europe. Exotic.

Disturbed areas, roadsides, fields. Flowering Apr–Aug. 50–900 m. BW, CR, Sisk, WV. CA, WA; scattered in North America; nearly worldwide. Exotic.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 214
Bridget Chipman
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 213
Bridget Chipman
Sibling taxa
C. benedicta, C. calcitrapa, C. cyanus, C. diffusa, C. iberica, C. jacea, C. jacea x Centaurea nigra, C. montana, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. solstitialis, C. stoebe, C. virgata
C. calcitrapa, C. cyanus, C. diffusa, C. iberica, C. jacea, C. jacea x Centaurea nigra, C. melitensis, C. montana, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. solstitialis, C. stoebe, C. virgata
Synonyms Cnicus benedictus
Web links