Cardamine nuttallii |
Cardamine pensylvanica |
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Nuttall's toothwort, slender toothwort |
Pennsylvania bittercress, Quaker bittercress |
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Habit | Plants perennial, glabrous or pubescent; rhizomes slender, tuberous, segmented, producing fragile segments, ovoid, oblong, or cylindrical, 2–5 mm in diameter, nodes fleshy. | Plants annual or biennial, glabrous or hirsute. |
Stems | erect, 0.5–2(3) dm; simple, bases above ground much wider than attachment to rhizome. |
(5)15–55(70) cm, glabrous above. |
Basal leaves | withered by anthesis, not rosulate, 4–15 cm. |
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Rhizomal leaves | simple or 3(5)-foliolate; (3)4–20(25) cm; blades or terminal leaflets reniform, suborbicular; ovate, or oblong; (0.9)1.3–4(5.2) × (0.8)1.2–5(7) cm, often with purple spots, bases cordate to obtuse; margins apiculate-dentate or 5–7-lobed. |
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Cauline leaves | 1–3, pinnately or palmately compound, 3(5)-foliolate, bases not auriculate; terminal leaflets ovate, oblong, or linear; (0.5)1–3.5(6) cm; lateral leaflets smaller; entire, dentate, or lobed. |
(3)5–20(35), pinnately (5)7–13(19)-foliolate, sometimes pinnatisect; middle leaves 2–11 cm, bases not auriculate, often sparsely hirsute; lateral leaflets orbicular; ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 4–25 mm wide; terminal leaflets suborbicular, obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 1.3–3(4) × 0.6–2.5 cm; margins entire to repand or obscurely 3–5-lobed, subsessile or with petiolule to 10 mm; uppermost leaves narrower and with fewer lobes or leaflets. |
Inflorescences | bracts 0, fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, 1–3.5 cm. |
bracts 0, fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending; (3)4–10(13) mm. |
Flowers | sepals erect, oblong, 3.5–5 mm; lateral pair saccate; petals obovate, 10–15 × 4–7.5 mm, purple to pale pink, rarely white, not clawed; tips rounded; ovules 8–16 per ovary; styles 4–8 mm. |
sepals oblong; (1)1.3–2.3 mm; petals spatulate to oblanceolate, 2–3.5(4) × 0.8–1.5 mm, white, not clawed; stamens 6; ovules 40–80 per ovary; styles 0.5–1 mm. |
Fruits | 25–56 × 2–2.3 mm, glabrous. |
(14)17–27(32) × 0.8–1.1 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.4–1.6 mm. |
oblong to ovate, 0.7–1.1 × 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | =32, 64. |
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Cardamine nuttallii |
Cardamine pensylvanica |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Damp woods, shaded bottomlands and hillsides, mossy slopes, streamsides. Flowering Mar–Jul. 0–2000 m. Casc, Col, CR, ECas, Est, Sisk, WV. CA, WA; north to British Columbia. Native. |
Marshes, streams, swamps, seepage, lake margins, ditches, waste ground. Flowering Apr–Jun. 0–2100 m. BW, Casc, Col, CR, ECas, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout most of Canada and US. Native. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2 draft Ihsan Al-Shehbaz |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 467 Ihsan Al-Shehbaz |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana, Cardamine nuttallii var. dissecta, Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata, Cardamine nuttallii var. nuttallii, Cardamine pulcherrima, Cardamine pulcherrima var. pulcherrima, Cardamine pulcherrima var. tenella, Dentaria gemmata, Dentaria tenella, Dentaria tenella var. pulcherrima, Dentaria tenella var. quercetorum, Dentaria tenella var. tenella | |
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