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cheatgrass, downy brome, downy chess

Orcutt's brome

Habit Plants annual, 5–90 cm tall. Plants perennial, 90–150 cm tall; loosely cespitose.
Culms

puberulent.

internodes glabrous to pubescent, pilose to densely pubescent below the nodes;

nodes 2–4, pubescent or puberulent.

Leaves

sheaths densely and softly retrorsely pubescent to pilose; upper sheaths sometimes glabrous;

blades 1–16 cm × 1–6 mm, softly hairy on both surfaces.

sheaths sparsely to densely pilose;

basal sheaths with hairs 2–4 mm, occasionally glabrous; upper sheaths with hairs to 1 mm;

collars pilose with hairs to 4 mm or glabrous;

ligules 1–3 mm;

blades 7–24 cm × 3–12 mm; flat, glabrous, sometimes hairy.

Inflorescences

5–20 × 3–8 cm; open, nodding;

branches 1–4 cm, drooping, 1-sided and longer than the spikelets, usually at least 1 branch with 4–8 spikelets.

7–13.5 × 2–12 cm;

branches erect or ascending, appressed to slightly spreading.

Spikelets

10–20 mm, moderately laterally compressed, not densely crowded, 4–8 florets.

20–40 mm, elliptic to lanceolate; terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 3–9(11) florets.

Glumes

villous, pubescent, or glabrous;

lower glumes 4–9 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 7–13 mm, 3–5-veined.

glabrous, occasionally scabrous or pubescent;

lower glumes 5–9 mm, 1(3)-veined;

upper glumes 7–11 mm, 3(5)-veined, sometimes short-pointed.

Lemmas

9–12 mm, lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent to pilose, 5–7-veined;

tips acuminate; hyaline; bifid, with teeth 0.8–2(3)mm, awned;

lemma awns 10–18 mm; straight.

9–16 mm, elliptic, rounded over the back; backs pubescent, sometimes glabrous or scabrous;

margins pubescent or scabrous; the hairs similar to those on the lemma backs;

tips obtuse; entire, awned;

lemma awns (4)5– 8 mm; straight.

Anthers

0.5–1 mm.

3–5 mm.

2n

=14.

=14.

Bromus tectorum

Bromus orcuttianus

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed areas, sagebrush steppe, degraded grasslands, roadsides. 0–2400 m. BR, BW, Casc, Col, CR, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; worldwide. Exotic.

Bromus tectorum is a relatively short grass with drooping inflorescences. Similar B. sterilis and B. diandrus have longer glumes, lemmas, and awns, and spikelets that hang down at a shallower angle than those of B. tectorum. The introduction of B. tectorum to shrub steppe habitats during a time of massive overgrazing in the late 1800s has made restoration of native plant communities difficult or impossible, even where grazing no longer occurs. Fast-growing B. tectorum seedlings outcompete slower growing native grass seedlings for water in drying soils. At maturity, the awns make B. tectorum unpalatable to livestock.

Dry montane conifer forests, especially ponderosa pine; chaparral, openings, sometimes in moister sites. 700–2200m. BW, Casc, ECas, Lava, Sisk. CA, WA; southeast to AZ. Native.

Bromus orcuttianus is a grass of open, upland forests. The inflorescence of B. orcuttianus is upright and open with stiff, spreading branches. Bromus suksdorfii has a denser inflorescence, and B. laevipes has more flexuous branches and 5-veined upper glumes. Bromus orcuttianus is an uncommon native grass that seems to have declined in numbers, probably due to grazing.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 374
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 372
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
B. arenarius, B. briziformis, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. diandrus, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. laevipes, B. madritensis, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. rubens, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. vulgaris
B. arenarius, B. briziformis, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. diandrus, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. laevipes, B. madritensis, B. pacificus, B. rubens, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. vulgaris
Synonyms Bromus tectorum var. glabratus, Bromus tectorum var. nudus, Bromus tectorum var. tectorum Bromus orcuttianus var. orcuttianus
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