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cheatgrass, downy brome, downy chess

Chinook brome

Habit Plants annual, 5–90 cm tall. Plants perennial, 50–150 cm tall; loosely cespitose.
Culms

puberulent.

often rooting at the lower nodes;

internodes usually glabrous, often puberulent-pubescent below the nodes, rarely puberulent throughout;

nodes 3–5(6), pubescent.

Leaves

sheaths densely and softly retrorsely pubescent to pilose; upper sheaths sometimes glabrous;

blades 1–16 cm × 1–6 mm, softly hairy on both surfaces.

sheaths glabrous, sometimes slightly pubescent near the throat;

ligules 2–4.2 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate;

blades 13–26 cm × 4–10 mm, light green or glaucous; flat, glabrous, sometimes scabrous on both surfaces.

Inflorescences

5–20 × 3–8 cm; open, nodding;

branches 1–4 cm, drooping, 1-sided and longer than the spikelets, usually at least 1 branch with 4–8 spikelets.

10–30 × 2–5 cm; open, nodding;

branches ascending to spreading, sometimes drooping.

Spikelets

10–20 mm, moderately laterally compressed, not densely crowded, 4–8 florets.

23–35 cm, elliptic to lanceolate; terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 5–11 florets.

Glumes

villous, pubescent, or glabrous;

lower glumes 4–9 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 7–13 mm, 3–5-veined.

glabrous, sometimes scabrous;

margins often bronze-tinged;

lower glumes 6–9 mm, 3-veined;

upper glumes 8–12 mm, 5-veined.

Lemmas

9–12 mm, lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent to pilose, 5–7-veined;

tips acuminate; hyaline; bifid, with teeth 0.8–2(3)mm, awned;

lemma awns 10–18 mm; straight.

12–16 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the back; backs sparsely pilose, pubescent, or scabrous;

margins densely pilose at least on the lower half, often bronze-tinged;

tips acute to obtuse; entire, rarely slightly emarginate with lobes less than 1 mm;

lemma awns 4–6 mm; straight.

Anthers

0.5–1 mm.

3.5–5.5 mm.

2n

=14.

=14.

Bromus tectorum

Bromus laevipes

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed areas, sagebrush steppe, degraded grasslands, roadsides. 0–2400 m. BR, BW, Casc, Col, CR, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; worldwide. Exotic.

Bromus tectorum is a relatively short grass with drooping inflorescences. Similar B. sterilis and B. diandrus have longer glumes, lemmas, and awns, and spikelets that hang down at a shallower angle than those of B. tectorum. The introduction of B. tectorum to shrub steppe habitats during a time of massive overgrazing in the late 1800s has made restoration of native plant communities difficult or impossible, even where grazing no longer occurs. Fast-growing B. tectorum seedlings outcompete slower growing native grass seedlings for water in drying soils. At maturity, the awns make B. tectorum unpalatable to livestock.

Open slopes and woodlands. 100–1400m. ECas, Sisk. CA. Native.

Bromus laevipes has a more or less open inflorescence with ascending to spreading branches. The lemma margins have dense, long, spreading hairs, contrasting with the scabrous to sparsely hairy lemma backs. The upper glumes have 5 veins, which is unusual among the perennial bromes that have rounded lemma backs.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 374
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 371
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
B. arenarius, B. briziformis, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. diandrus, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. laevipes, B. madritensis, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. rubens, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. vulgaris
B. arenarius, B. briziformis, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. diandrus, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. madritensis, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. rubens, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. vulgaris
Synonyms Bromus tectorum var. glabratus, Bromus tectorum var. nudus, Bromus tectorum var. tectorum
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