Bromus tectorum |
Bromus ciliatus |
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cheatgrass, downy brome, downy chess |
fringed brome |
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Habit | Plants annual, 5–90 cm tall. | Plants perennial, 45–120(150) cm tall; loosely cespitose. |
Culms | puberulent. |
internodes glabrous; nodes (3)4–7(8), pubescent or the lower culms glabrous. |
Leaves | sheaths densely and softly retrorsely pubescent to pilose; upper sheaths sometimes glabrous; blades 1–16 cm × 1–6 mm, softly hairy on both surfaces. |
basal sheaths retrorsely pilose, sometimes glabrous; upper sheaths glabrous; throats glabrous or pilose; ligules 0.4–1.4 mm; blades 13–25 cm × 4–10 mm; flat; lower surface glabrous, sometimes pilose; upper surface usually pilose, sometimes glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 5–20 × 3–8 cm; open, nodding; branches 1–4 cm, drooping, 1-sided and longer than the spikelets, usually at least 1 branch with 4–8 spikelets. |
10–20 × approximately 12 cm; open, nodding; branches ascending, spreading, or drooping. |
Spikelets | 10–20 mm, moderately laterally compressed, not densely crowded, 4–8 florets. |
15– 25 mm, elliptic to lanceolate; terete to moderately laterally compressed, with 4–9 florets. |
Glumes | villous, pubescent, or glabrous; lower glumes 4–9 mm, 1-veined; upper glumes 7–13 mm, 3–5-veined. |
glabrous; lower glumes 5.5– 7.5 mm, 1(3)-veined; upper glumes 7.1–8.5 mm, 3-veined. |
Lemmas | 9–12 mm, lanceolate, glabrous or pubescent to pilose, 5–7-veined; tips acuminate; hyaline; bifid, with teeth 0.8–2(3)mm, awned; lemma awns 10–18 mm; straight. |
9.5–14 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over the back; backs glabrous or scabrous; lower 50–67% of margins conspicuously hirsute; tips obtuse to acute; entire; lemma awns 2–4(5)mm; straight. |
Anthers | 0.5–1 mm. |
1.5–2 mm. |
2n | =14. |
=14. |
Bromus tectorum |
Bromus ciliatus |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, sagebrush steppe, degraded grasslands, roadsides. 0–2400 m. BR, BW, Casc, Col, CR, ECas, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; worldwide. Exotic. Bromus tectorum is a relatively short grass with drooping inflorescences. Similar B. sterilis and B. diandrus have longer glumes, lemmas, and awns, and spikelets that hang down at a shallower angle than those of B. tectorum. The introduction of B. tectorum to shrub steppe habitats during a time of massive overgrazing in the late 1800s has made restoration of native plant communities difficult or impossible, even where grazing no longer occurs. Fast-growing B. tectorum seedlings outcompete slower growing native grass seedlings for water in drying soils. At maturity, the awns make B. tectorum unpalatable to livestock. |
Moist montane meadows, thickets, woodlands, and stream banks. 1000–2000m. BR, BW, Casc, ECas. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to AK, east to Labrador and VA, south to Mexico. Native. Bromus ciliatus has long-hairy lemma margins like B. laevipes, however, the latter species has 5-veined upper glumes and longer anthers. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 374 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 370 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Bromus tectorum var. glabratus, Bromus tectorum var. nudus, Bromus tectorum var. tectorum | |
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