Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus secalinus |
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soft chess |
rye brome |
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Habit | Plants annual, occasionally biennial, 2–70 cm tall. | Plants annual, 20–80(120)cm tall. |
Leaves | lower sheaths densely pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; blades 2–19 cm × 1–4 mm; lower surfaces glabrous or pubescent; upper surfaces pubescent. |
sheaths glabrous or loosely pubescent and becoming glabrous; blades 15–30 cm × 1–12 mm; lower surfaces pilose or glabrous; upper surfaces pilose. |
Inflorescences | 1–13 × 1–4 cm; erect, usually ovoid; open at anthesis, becoming contracted and dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches usually shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect; straight or nearly straight. |
5–23 × 2.5–12 cm; open, nodding; branches spreading to ascending; lower branches slightly drooping; some pedicels longer than their spikelets. |
Spikelets | (11)14–20(23)mm, lanceolate; terete to moderately laterally compressed, 5–10 florets; floret bases usually concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. |
10–20 mm; ovoid-lanceolate or ovate, laterally compressed, not purple-tinged, with 4–9(10) florets; floret bases visible at maturity; rachilla internodes visible at maturity. |
Glumes | pilose to glabrous; lower glumes 5–7 mm, 3–5-veined; upper glumes 6.5–8 mm, 5–7-veined. |
scabrous or glabrous; lower glumes 4–6 mm, 3–5-veined; upper glumes 6–7 mm, 7-veined. |
Caryopses | equal to or shorter than paleas; thin, weakly inrolled to flat. |
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Lemmas | 6.5–11 × 3–5 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, occasionally glabrous near the base or throughout, 7–9-veined; hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity; lateral veins prominent, thickened and raised; tips rounded to acute; bifid; teeth shorter than 1 mm; lemma awns 6–8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma tips; straight to recurved at maturity. |
6.5– 8.5(10) × 1.7–2.5 mm, elliptic; leathery, rounded over the back; backs glabrous, sometimes pubescent, scabrous to puberulent on the margins and near the tips, obscurely 7-veined; veins usually not raised and thickened; margins smoothly curved, inrolled at maturity; tips acute to obtuse; bifid, with teeth less than 1 mm, awned; lemma awns (0)3–6(9.5)mm; straight or flexuous, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma tips. |
Anthers | 0.6–1.5(2)mm. |
1–3 mm. |
2n | =28. |
=14, 28. |
Bromus hordeaceus |
Bromus secalinus |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, degraded grasslands. 0–1900m. All ecoregions except BR. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to AK, south to Mexico, east to Newfoundland and SC; North Africa, southern Europe; scattered elsewhere worldwide. Exotic. Bromus hordeaceus has been divided into subspecies, two of which may occur in Oregon (B. h. ssp. hordeaceus and B. h. ssp. pseudothominei). Most Oregon specimens, however, cannot be identified confidently to either subspecies. |
Disturbed areas, ditches, moist meadows, shorelines. 0–1500m. BW, CR, ECas, Est, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout most of North America; Europe. Exotic. Mature B. secalinus is identified by the strongly inrolled lemmas enfolding the inrolled caryopses. The spreading florets expose the florets and rachilla joints. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 370 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 373 Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus, Bromus hordeaceus ssp. molliformis, Bromus hordeaceus ssp. pseudothominei, Bromus hordeaceus ssp. thominei, Bromus mollis | Bromus secalinus var. secalinus, Bromus secalinus var. velutinus |
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