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ripgut brome

soft chess

Habit Plants annual, 20–90 cm tall. Plants annual, occasionally biennial, 2–70 cm tall.
Culms

puberulent.

Leaves

sheaths softly pilose, often with retrorse or spreading hairs;

blades 3.5–27 cm × 1–9 mm, pilose on both surfaces.

lower sheaths densely pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous;

blades 2–19 cm × 1–4 mm;

lower surfaces glabrous or pubescent;

upper surfaces pubescent.

Inflorescences

panicles 13–25 × 2–17 cm, nodding at maturity but occasionally erect;

branches 1–7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, 1–2 spikelets.

1–13 × 1–4 cm; erect, usually ovoid; open at anthesis, becoming contracted and dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets;

branches usually shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect; straight or nearly straight.

Spikelets

25–70 mm, moderately laterally compressed, with 4–11 florets.

(11)14–20(23)mm, lanceolate; terete to moderately laterally compressed, 5–10 florets;

floret bases usually concealed at maturity;

rachilla internodes concealed at maturity.

Glumes

smooth or scabrous;

lower glumes 15– 25 mm, 1–3-veined;

upper glumes 25–35 mm, 3–5-veined.

pilose to glabrous;

lower glumes 5–7 mm, 3–5-veined;

upper glumes 6.5–8 mm, 5–7-veined.

Caryopses

equal to or shorter than paleas; thin, weakly inrolled to flat.

Lemmas

22–30 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined;

margins hyaline;

tips acuminate; bifid;

teeth 3–5 mm, awned;

lemma awns 30–65 mm; straight.

6.5–11 × 3–5 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, occasionally glabrous near the base or throughout, 7–9-veined; hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity;

lateral veins prominent, thickened and raised;

tips rounded to acute; bifid;

teeth shorter than 1 mm;

lemma awns 6–8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma tips; straight to recurved at maturity.

Anthers

0.5–1 mm.

0.6–1.5(2)mm.

2n

=28, 42, 56.

=28.

Bromus diandrus

Bromus hordeaceus

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed open areas, degraded grasslands. 0–1300m. Col, CR, ECas, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to British Columbia, southeast to TX, south to Mexico, scattered in the eastern US; Europe. Exotic.

Bromus diandrus is a common weed, typically with gracefully curved inflorescences and long lemma awns. The long awns can lodge in the mouths and digestive tracts of herbivores, causing injury. Similar B. sterilis is smaller in all its parts.

Disturbed areas, degraded grasslands. 0–1900m. All ecoregions except BR. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to AK, south to Mexico, east to Newfoundland and SC; North Africa, southern Europe; scattered elsewhere worldwide. Exotic.

Bromus hordeaceus has been divided into subspecies, two of which may occur in Oregon (B. h. ssp. hordeaceus and B. h. ssp. pseudothominei). Most Oregon specimens, however, cannot be identified confidently to either subspecies.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 370
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 370
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
B. arenarius, B. briziformis, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. laevipes, B. madritensis, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. rubens, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. vulgaris
B. arenarius, B. briziformis, B. catharticus, B. ciliatus, B. commutatus, B. diandrus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. laevipes, B. madritensis, B. orcuttianus, B. pacificus, B. rubens, B. secalinus, B. sitchensis, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis, B. suksdorfii, B. tectorum, B. vulgaris
Synonyms Bromus rigidus, Bromus rigidus var. gussonei, Bromus rigidus var. rigidus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus, Bromus hordeaceus ssp. molliformis, Bromus hordeaceus ssp. pseudothominei, Bromus hordeaceus ssp. thominei, Bromus mollis
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