Brassica rapa |
Brassica nigra |
|
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field mustard, turnip |
black mustard |
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Habit | Plants annual or biennial, glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally, rarely glaucous. | Plants annual, hirsute at least basally. |
Stems | 3–12(19) dm. |
3–20(31) dm. |
Basal leaves | and lowermost cauline (5)10–40(60) × 3–10 (20) cm; margins entire, dentate, or pinnatisect, with terminal lobes larger than 1–6 lateral lobes on each side, petiolate. |
and lowermost cauline 6–30 × 1–10 cm; margins lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnatisect; terminal lobes larger than 1–3 lateral lobes on each side, petiolate. |
Inflorescences | fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate; (5)10–25(30) mm. |
fruiting pedicels straight; slender; erect to ascending, subappressed to rachis; (2)3–5(6) mm. |
Flowers | sepals oblong; (3)4–6.5(8) mm, ascending; petals obovate; (5)7–10(13) × (2.5)3–6(7) mm, bright yellow, rarely pale or whitish yellow; claws 3–7 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–2 mm; filaments 4–6(7) mm; lateral curved at base; styles obsolete. |
sepals oblong, 4–6(7) mm, spreading to ascending; petals ovate; (6)7.5–11(13) × (2.5)3–4.5(5.5) mm, yellow; claws 3–6 mm; filaments 3.5–5 mm; lateral curved at base. |
Fruits | divaricate to ascending; terete; (2)3–8(11) cm × 2–4(5) mm, valvular segments (1.3)2–5(7.5) cm, 8–15-seeded per locule; valves with prominent midveins; terminal segments conical; (0.3)1–2.5(3.5) cm; seedless or rarely 1-seeded, sessile. |
4-angled, subappressed to rachis; (0.5)1–2.5(2.7) cm × (1.5)2–3(4) mm, valvular segments (0.4)0.8–2(2.5) cm, 2–5(8)-seeded per locule; valves with prominent midveins, slightly torulose; terminal segments style-like; (1)2–5(6) mm; seedless, sessile. |
Seeds | 1–1.8 mm in diameter. |
globose, 1.2–2 mm in diameter. |
Upper cauline leaves | ovate to lanceolate, 2–8(12) × 0.8–3 cm, bases amplexicaul or auriculate, sessile. |
lanceolate to linear-oblong; to 5 × 1.5 cm, bases not auriculate, petiolate. |
2n | =20. |
=16. |
Brassica rapa |
Brassica nigra |
|
Distribution | ||
Discussion | Abandoned fields, roadsides, disturbed areas, gardens. Flowering Apr–Oct. 0–1500 m. BW, Casc, Col, CR, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; worldwide. Exotic. Brassica rapa includes many cultivars. These are recognized as varieties or subspecies, including turnip (ssp. rapa), Chinese mustard or bok choy (ssp. chinensis), and Chinese cabbage or petsai (ssp. pekinensis). |
Roadsides, disturbed areas, fields, orchards. Flowering Apr–Oct. 0–1000 m. Col, CR, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; worldwide. Exotic. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 459 Ihsan Al-Shehbaz |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 459 Ihsan Al-Shehbaz |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Brassica campestris | |
Web links |
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