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redroot amaranth, rough pigweed

California amaranth

Habit Plants densely to moderately villous, especially in distal portions. Plants glabrous.
Stems

erect, 1.5–15(20) dm; simple or branched distally, green or reddish.

prostrate; much branched and mat-forming, 1–5 dm, often whitish.

Leaves

blades ovate to rhombic-ovate, 2–15 cm, bases wedge-shaped;

margins entire; flat to crisped;

midveins extending to a short spine;

tips acute to obtuse;

petioles 2.5–8 cm.

blades oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate, 3–20 mm, bases wedge-shaped;

margins entire; plane; flat to sometimes undulate;

midveins extending to a spine;

tips rounded to subacute;

petioles 2–6(8)mm; ? ½ as long as blade.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary; erect to somewhat reflexed tightly clustered panicles, green to silvery green;

bracts numerous, lanceolate to awl-shaped, 3–6 mm.

axillary clusters of flowers, staminate and pistillate flowers intermixed;

bracts small and inconspicuous, 1–2 mm.

Flowers

perianth segments similar in staminate and pistillate flowers; spoon-shaped to obovate, overlapping, reflexed with age; equal to subequal;

midveins extending to a short spine;

tips rounded to notched.

Staminate flowers

perianth segments 4–5, 2–3 mm;

stamens (3)4–5.

perianth segments (2)3; equal to subequal, 1–1.5 mm;

stamens 3.

Pistillate flowers

perianth segments 5; (2)2.5–3.5 mm;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments 1–3, unequal, only 1 well developed, 1–1.2 mm;

styles 3; erect.

Fruits

ovoid to elliptic, 1.5–2.5 mm; smooth to rugose at bases; dehiscence usually circumscissile.

subglobose, 1–1.2 mm; smooth, wrinkled near tips; dehiscence irregular to circumscissile.

Seeds

lenticular; ovoid to obovoid, 1–1.3 mm, dark brown to black; shiny.

lenticular, obovate, 0.7–1 mm, dark red-brown; shiny.

2n

=34.

Amaranthus retroflexus

Amaranthus californicus

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides, streambanks. Flowering Jun–Sep. 0–1500 m. BW, Lava, Owy, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; worldwide. Exotic?

See also A. hybridus.

Mud flats, dry ponds, ditches, gravel bars, disturbed areas. Flowering Jun–Sep. 50–1500 m. BR, BW, Owy, Sisk. CA, ID, NV, WA; scattered in western North America. Native.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 66
Bridget Chipman
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 65
Bridget Chipman
Sibling taxa
A. albus, A. blitoides, A. californicus, A. deflexus, A. hybridus, A. hypochondriacus, A. powellii, A. viridus
A. albus, A. blitoides, A. deflexus, A. hybridus, A. hypochondriacus, A. powellii, A. retroflexus, A. viridus
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