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spike bentgrass

California bentgrass

Habit Plants perennial, sometimes flowering in the first year, 8–100(150) cm tall, slightly glaucous; usually cespitose, rarely rhizomatous. Plants perennial, 9–85 cm tall; cespitose, occasionally rhizomatous when buried by moving sand.
Leaves

ligules (1)1.7–8(11.2) mm, truncate to obtuse;

blades 4–15(25) cm × 2–7 mm; flat.

ligules 1–3(7.5)mm; dorsal surfaces scabrous, membranous;

blades 2–12 cm × 2–10 mm; flat; upper blades wider than lower blades.

Inflorescences

(3)5–30 × 0.5–4 cm, contracted; spike-like, usually dense, sometimes interrupted near the base, bases usually exserted from the upper sheaths at maturity; lowest node with 1–5 branches;

branches ascending to appressed;

spikelet-bearing to or near the base, usually hidden by the spikelets; lower branches 1–2(4) cm.

2–10 × 0.5– 2 cm; narrow; dense; ellow-green, sometimes tinged with purple, bases often enclosed in the upper sheaths at maturity;

branches appressed; to 1.5 cm, mostly hidden by the spikelets.

Spikelets

crowded.

Glumes

1.5–3.5 mm, scabrous on the midvein and sometimes on the back, 1(3)-veined;

tips acute or long-acuminate, with an awn-like tip to 1 mm.

2–3.3 mm, 1-veined, densely scabrous over the back, strongly scabrous on the veins;

tips narrowly acute to acuminate or mucronate.

Calluses

with sparse to abundant hairs up to 0.3 mm.

hairs to 0.3 mm; the hairs usually dense.

Lemmas

1.2–2.2 mm; smooth, 5-veined;

veins sometimes extended as teeth to 0.1 mm;

tips acute; entire to toothed; awnless or awned;

lemma awns 0–3.5 mm, arising from above mid-length; straight or bent.

1.5–2.1 mm; (3)5-veined;

veins extended as teeth to 0.3 mm;

tips acute to obtuse, sometimes toothed; awnless or awned;

lemma awns 0–3.5 mm, arising from above mid-length; straight, readily falling off.

Paleas

absent or to 0.5 mm.

(0.3)0.5–0.7 mm.

Lodicules

0.3–0.5 mm.

Anthers

3, 0.3–0.6 mm.

0.3–0.7 mm.

2n

=28, 42, 56.

=42.

Agrostis exarata

Agrostis densiflora

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Moist ground, streamsides, ditches, sand bars, lake margins, also seasonally moist disturbed spots in grasslands, shrublands, and forest openings, including coastal sites. 0–2700m. Throughout Oregon. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America except midwest; Eurasia. Native.

Agrostis exarata is a common plant of wet, often disturbed habitats. It is variable in size, glume shape, and other details but can be recognized by its dense, narrow inflorescences and tiny anthers. This species can be difficult to separate from two closely related taxa, A. densiflora and A. microphylla. For both of these, habitat is an important clue for identification. Agrostis densiflora is a short plant of coastal sands and bluffs, while Agrostis microphylla is a vernal pool annual.

Sandy soils on coastal dunes and bluffs. 0–50 m. Est. CA. Native.

With its dense inflorescence, A. densiflora can be confused with A. exarata and coastal forms of A. pallens. Agrostis exarata usually has shorter paleas and longer ligules, although there is considerable overlap in these characters. Agrostis pallens is usually strongly rhizomatous, its anthers are more than 1 mm, its inflorescence is exserted from the upper leaf sheaths, and it usually has narrower leaves.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 351
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 351
Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
A. canina, A. capillaris, A. castellana, A. densiflora, A. exarata x Agrostis pallens, A. exarata x Agrostis stolonifera, A. gigantea, A. hallii, A. hallii x Agrostis pallens, A. hendersonii, A. howellii, A. idahoensis, A. microphylla, A. oregonensis, A. pallens, A. scabra, A. stolonifera, A. variabilis
A. canina, A. capillaris, A. castellana, A. exarata, A. exarata x Agrostis pallens, A. exarata x Agrostis stolonifera, A. gigantea, A. hallii, A. hallii x Agrostis pallens, A. hendersonii, A. howellii, A. idahoensis, A. microphylla, A. oregonensis, A. pallens, A. scabra, A. stolonifera, A. variabilis
Synonyms Agrostis ampla, Agrostis exarata ssp. exarata, Agrostis exarata ssp. minor, Agrostis exarata var. exarata, Agrostis exarata var. minor, Agrostis exarata var. monolepis, Agrostis longiligula
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